4.指代題
標(biāo)志：在題干中明確指出原文中某處的指代詞，要求辨別其指代關(guān)系。常考的指代詞有：it，that ，this，one，these，those等
例4.（2005年高考英語湖北卷閱讀理解C篇）There are also rules which deal with the standard of services you get from ,say ,travel agents ,shoe repairers ,hairdressers and builders. These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.
64.The underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refers to “ ”。
A.the services B.the workers
C.the goods D.the rules
解析：首先返回原文定位該指代詞，并且90％向上、10％向下搜索其指代的詞、詞組或句子。然后在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找出與所找到的詞、詞組或句子意思最接近的一個(gè)作為答案。在本題中，我們可以看到原文中these之前的名詞有rules,services,travel agents,shoe repairers, hairdressers, builders等名詞，根據(jù)These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.（這些使你明白你所得到的付費(fèi)服務(wù)應(yīng)該達(dá)到怎樣的水平）的意思，可以知道正確的答案是D. the rules（制度） 。因?yàn)橹挥兄贫炔拍芗s束服務(wù)行為，使服務(wù)行為得到保障。
5.推理題
標(biāo)志：推理題一般含有關(guān)鍵詞infer，imply等。
例5.（2005年高考英語山東卷閱讀理解B篇） Under a Canadian government program for multiculturalism, the three students have received two thousand dollars with which they will do a study to find out whether Toronto’s immigrant businessmen would support an open-air market. They hope the merchants will support the plan strongly. “A study done earlier this year showed that 90 percent of shoppers would be in favor of it,” Salvatori said. “At first it would be an experiment. But we think it will prove to be good business for the merchants, as well as tourist attraction.”
64.It can be inferred from the text that the Canadian government supports ______.
A. the protection of different cultures
B. the plan of an open-air market
C. the request of merchants
D. the attitude of shoppers
解析：推理題干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)為只是原文的簡單復(fù)述，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論，把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作間接推理； 或者看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論，然而實(shí)際上與原文不符，如因果倒手段變目的等，本題中的B. the plan of an open-air market C. the request of merchants D. the attitude of shoppers就是根據(jù)這些原理設(shè)計(jì)出來的。做題時(shí)可以尋找四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中三錯(cuò)一對的關(guān)系。 如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的選項(xiàng)都是成立的推理步驟，那么與原文意思最接近、所用推理最少的選項(xiàng)即是正確答案。本題中找出正確答案的關(guān)鍵是讀懂Under a Canadian government program for multiculturalism，the three students have received two thousand dollars（從加拿大政府一個(gè)多元文化項(xiàng)目中，三個(gè)學(xué)生獲取了2000美圓的基金），這個(gè)句子，試想想，如果加拿大政府不支持對不同文化的保護(hù)，能設(shè)多元文化保護(hù)項(xiàng)目嗎？能撥出2000美金給學(xué)生們從事多元文化的研究嗎？所以，答案 A. the protection of different cultures （對多元文化的保護(hù)）自然就是正確答案了。
